Everyday crime and corruption goes on in or world. It is so expected now that we have almost come accustomed to it like it is apart of life. One thing we never expected though was to hear that it would be taking place in our very own white house under the supervision of our very own president. For my final blog I will be focusing on the watergate scandal. I chose this chapter because I think there is no other way to show how powerful the fourth esate is than to show them expose and take down one of the most powerful people at that time, President Richard Nixon.

The scandal came to light when five men in business suits and rubber gloves were caught in the middle of the night placing listening devices in the Watergate office complex. Three D.C police officers found the men and it was only soon after that the fourth estate had landed what would be the biggest story of their life and what would be President Nixon's worst nightmare. From what the evidence showed this was more than just a routine crime. The men were very prepared as the had walkie talkies that would pick up any police calls. They had lock picks and door jimmies which clearly stated a break in as well as tracking devices of any phone calls, conversations, and any talk that occured. The press secretary refused to give any comments on the situation days later.
The post soon assigned two reporters to the story. Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, both in their late twenties. Woodward had graduated from Yale, joined the navy, and then became a local reporter. Berstein on the other hand dropped out of the University of Maryland to go work at the Post in 1966. Woodward and Bernstein became a duo that spent hours upo hours covering the case. The main reason why they were so successful was because they said they let nothing "fall through the cracks".

The duo soon became known as "Woodstein" and soon broke that the Watergate scandal was linked to the White House. They started to uncover all sorts of clues, evidence, and suspicious behavior. Woodstein found out the they burglars were paid off with Nixon's campaign funds. They were kept in a special account under the supervision of U.S attorney general John Mitchell. Mind you that this was right around election time, Woodstein broke that Nixon was planning on playing dirty and sabotaging his fellow electives.
It was about four months into the investigation that the duo had concluded "what the White House dubbed a "third-rate burglary" was, in fact, the tip of the iceberg in the most astonishing abuse of power in the history of the precidency".
Although at first the two were not thrilled about working together they soon forgot about their differences and dove head first into what was anything but easiy journalism. They were relentless when it came to getter answers. They knocked on many doors and made many phone calls. One of their strategies in good journalism was to not just make phone calls but show up to places. When you're standing right infront of a person, sometimes they cant say no. These two went to extremes to get the job done. They lied, and begged to get what they needed to crack or get the next clue. Although the two were getting along just fine on their own, it is clear they might not have gotten as far as they did without the help of a close friend, and executive branch official, Deep Throat. Deep Thoat remained anonymous, never giving the two new information but verifying dozens of facts for them and dismissing any false leads they may encounter. They had gotten lucky from the insde.

Deep Throat remained anonymous for 3 decades. Him and Woodward would use signals to indicate when they would meet to discuss things. They were very secretive so that their cover couldnt be blown. In 2005 Deep Throat identified himself as W. Mark Felt. He, at the time of the Watergate scandal was the second highest official in the FBI.

The Washington Post at the time was the only source of press that was committed to covering and exposing the scandal. Other papers believed that the Post was blowing the situation out of proportion and making it more that what it was. Despite the lack of support from other press the Post stood firm in believing this was a story worth covering and investigating. It got frustrating when a year later the White House still denied everything and didnt admitt one thing. The White House was getting so fed up with the Post's persistance that they threatened to cancel stations the Post owned.

As much praise as the Washington Post deserves for their lead on the scandal and their efforts they couldn't have finished this out on their own. The post soon joined forces with all four arms of goverment. The five men involved in the burglary started to speak and wanted to negotiate for lighter sentences. Much of the stories details confirmed Woodstein's reportings. The legislative branch helped by agreeing to establish a committee that would investigate "charges of corruption in the 1972 election". The senate's part in getting involved was televising hearings which would change the minds of the public toward the White House. To bring the scandal to an all time high the legislative branch charged Nixon with "abuse of power, obstruction of justice, and contempt of Congress for defying committee subpoenas".


After hard work and determination the Washington Post had finally got the backing they needed to further their case. The White house soon collapsed and Nixon was forced to resign. Evidence was found to have been destroyed that would link Nixon to knowing about the break in before it occured. Nixon's impeachment process would soon occur being the first president to resign from office.

The Washington Post was soon awarded the Pulitzer Prize gold medal for their work. Woodward and Berstein became the dynamic duo that would always be remembered as two of the greatest reporters to ever live. No one knew how much the world would change that morning when five men committed a crime that would go down in history as one of the biggest scandals to every occur. Once again it was the work of two solid journalists/ reporters that stood up for what they believed in and what they thought was justice for the people that changed American history.

Courtesy of the Library of Congress.  Modifications © 2003 Jone Johnson Lewis. Licensed to About.com.,

The KU KLUX KLAN

Someone once said whether its good press or bad press there both good press. I think for the KKK it was a different story. The KKK was a fraternity that shared "american values" although it didnt quite outlive a decade. They participated in marches,rally's, and all different gatherings in hopes to expand there name nationwide. What the KKK didn't know is that they wouldnt have the backing and support of the fourth estate like they wished. For anyone who knows journalism, you always want the fourth estate on your side to be successful.

The KKK began in Atlanta in the fall of 1915. William Joseph Simmons along with a dozen men gathered in a march that would soon be known as The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. They marched with the American flag whipping in the wind as a simmons led the men that night in Georgia. As the decade unfolded the klan experienced more support and grew bigger, but by the end of the decade the power they once had faded into history. Although the KKK got much attention this was not the firt sightings of the group. A group also known as the KKK exsisted in 1866 but only lasted a few years before they dissapeared. By 1924 the Klan had reached a number of 4 million members as well as being a profitable group at that. Simmons had at that time what would be called "marketing moguls"behind him in support. Their names were Edward Clark and Elizabeht Tyler. These two alone brought in around $30,000 a week for the KKK and promoted the group by using slogans like "100 percent americans", and "pure womanhood". Its clear now that their motive was to brainwash people into believing if they weren't apart of this movement they were helping demolish american values and participating in social reform.

The KKK at this time thought that they were ontop of the world and that they would only grow from here. What they didnt know is that Joseph Pulitzer had gotten wind of the reform and was ready to move in on them, full speed. "Ku Klux Klan Exposed!" was the name of Pulitzer's piece in The New York World. the article consisted of quotes such as " the KKK has become a vast enterprise, doing a thriving business in the systematic sale of race hatred, religous bigotry, and '100 percent' anti-Americanism". As I chime in I could not agree more with this statement. America is all about being equal and sharing equal rights and excepting everyone from every race,culture, and religion. Its crazy to me that one man thought his idea of this could be long lived. The New York World was such a successful magazine it held more than 2 million readers daily. I think its safe to say you did not want them putting negative press about you in their magazines. The articles focused on artwork to keep the readers attention and used eye popping questions to draw attention. As things began to get nasty betweent the klan and the World the paper went as far as contacting officials and making them go on record as either opposing or supporting the Klan.

The Pulitzer Prize was awarded to aritcles and efforts against the KKK but what was more rewarding to people was the positice efforts they had on communities. The New York World, Memphis Commercial Appeal, and Montgomery Advertiser where all winners of this satisfaction. Although earlier I said that any press is good press The World played a part in promoting the Klan yet at the same time stopped it from taking hold on the largest urban city, New York City. Without the support of the fourth estate to stop the movement of racism and hate, who knows what the KKK could have accomplished. It is important to realize that sometimes although we have a voice it is not always heard. Sometimes we need a little help from the media to get our ideas and thoughts across in a quick and positive way. I chose this chapter because its hard to remember that press and media werent always about celebrities and gossip. There are still journalists that exsist who use their resources and power for important world changing issues.

Streitmatter, Rodger. Mightier Than The Sword. Philidelphia, PA: Westview Press, 1997. Print

Pictures: Courtesy of the Library of Congress

As young girls we have dreams and aspire to become successful business, and career driven women. The days of becoming a “housewife” and catering to a man are forgotten and almost frowned upon. Imagine if you were never even considered for that CEO position at your job because of your gender. You were more qualified for the job than the male you were up against, but a woman as a boss? That could never happen. We as women tend to not recognize that going to college, getting jobs, and being successful was once not an option. I myself am even guilty of this. Are we wrong? Why should we think twice about these things when we live in a country where we have the freedom to do so? I am not insisting that we think of these things as privileges because now we can do the things that man were always aloud to. Maybe we should look at them as privileges because of the women that fought for us and took a stand for our freedom without even knowing us because they wanted their daughters to have a more privileged life than theirs.

When the Declaration of Independence was created it stated, “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and WOMEN are created equal”. Now although it was stated in what would be the most powerful document in history it was not played out that way. Women continued to be ignored and played a role that consisted of getting married, birthing children every 2 years, and taking care of her husband. Women were not allowed to claim property, vote, or have custody of their children even though they would act as the sole parent to the child, devoting all of their time and life to them. Any decision making that took place in the family did not include women, because they were “incapable of serious thought”.  Pardon my language but that is complete bullshit and one of the most ignorant things to ever be said. Not only were women fighting against the dominant white male, but also the fourth estate. The media would play a huge role in holding women’s rights back and mocking their efforts to see justice. When Elizabeth Cady Stanton ( the mother of the revolution) held a convention in Seneca Falls, which would later be seen as what unfolded the beginning of the Women’s Rights Movement, the media tore it down as being “toxic”, “a mixture of outrage”, or labeled it as “Women’s wrong convention”. The media took every shot they could to bash the movement and feminists simply because they were scared of their power. They took digs as far as saying “feminist were abandoning their responsibilities in the home” Everyone against this movement was scared to see a shift in spheres that consisted of the man being important to society and the woman just being an object.  Later on Susan B Anthony would join Stanton’s effort in the movement. They were responsible for hosting meetings. Petition drives, and public lectures. Every year the two hosted a national convention that brought awareness to the movement. The more awareness the more outraged the media got. Women were being compared to “clowns in a circus”. To get around the fourth estate that was holding these women back and bashing their efforts, Stanton and Anthony started their own for of media by founding a newspaper called The Revolution. The Revolution consisted of women’s views on topics such as abortion, prostitution, and divorce. Later on Newspapers, magazines, and associations started to show support in women’s rights.  They might have been less radical or abrasive than The Revolution but they were still showing support. Living in a time where it was hard for women to travel to these meetings the media and these papers were crucial in spreading the word and drawing awareness. The media continued to bash feminists by using Anthony as a prime target. They attacked her appearance and compared her to a man. They started to add pictures in of women smoking and drinking and viewing them in a negative light.

Despite the backlash these women were seeing from the media their efforts had finally saw justice in the twentieth century when they reached national spotlight. In 1919 mainstream journalists recognized the Women’s Right Movement as a “major revolution”.

So easily we view the media as just a way to receive gossip on current events and don’t recognize the power it has on us. Media is single handedly one of the most powerful resources we as individuals have.  It at times can control us, persuade us, and impact our thoughts and beliefs. There is no doubt that if Stanton and Anthony had the support of the media women would have seen their rights much earlier in history. So why is all this important to me? It’s important to me because it allows me to have a voice. It reminds me that something we take for granted everyday was once something that was fought for every day. As a young woman with RIGHTS I have now can do anything I put my mind to with the RESOURCES I have now.

"One Woman Can Change Anything. Many Women Can Change Everything"

Courtesy of the Library of Congress.
Modifications © 2003 Jone Johnson Lewis. Licensed to About.com.

Previous citing's : Streitmatter, Rodger. Mightier Than The Sword. Philidelphia, PA: Westview Press, 1997. Print

After reading the first 3 chapters I have decided my first blog will be on chpater 3. Women's rights have always been very important to me and I have always been eager to learn more about the subject. I believe that they paved the path for women today, and I am excited to learn and share more about the subject.

:-)